Obesity And School Lunch Program - 997 Words

Childhood obesity is one of the nation’s public health main challenge: About one third of children and adolescents (ages 6 to 19) are determined as overweight or obese, and more than one in six that group are determined to be obese in United States. As most people do not understand the difference between overweight and obesity, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases identifies this disparity—overweight refers to an excess amount of body weight that may come from muscles, bone, fat, and water while obesity refers to an excess amount of body fat. A 2010 study of 1003 southeastern Michigan sixth-grade students astonishingly revealed that those who ate school lunches had more 29 percent probability to be obese than those who ate their own home-made lunches. From that research, we can foresee the relation between obesity and school lunch program(approaches) as school lunch program usually offers low-nutritious food for its cheaper price. Therefo re, in my paper, I would like to argue about the current American school lunch approaches which indirectly cause the childhood obesity should be re-evaluated through the comparison of school lunch systems between US and Japan, which has one of the lowest obesity rate in the world. Firstly, we should understand the initiation of school lunch programs in Japan and US and further analyze the approaches taken by each of them. Japan school lunch approaches works effectively and efficiently that stand onShow MoreRelatedPreventing Childhood Obesity And The National School Lunch Program865 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the SNDA, only 35% of schools meet with the SMI recommended calories. However, the NSLP instead of recognizing that schools are not meeting with the recommended intake because of its overconsumption of commodities, they blame the students and the schools for the lack of healthful practices. For example, Allen and Guttmann (2002) in Neoliberalization from the ground up states how the introduction of the wellness policy under the NSLP recognizes that schools are faulty for nutritional goalsRead MoreThe recent changes in the school lunch and program Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesthe breakfast and lunch programs in the schools have significant impact on the nutritional status of children and in fighting obesity which is a national problem. State and federal governments have issued laws and regulations to minimize the problem. This paper summarizes the major issues and concerns on economic situation and health. It also presents the process and benefits of the program. Economic Situation One of the issues related with the recent change in school lunch and breakfast is theRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On The Body Height Of Children And Adolescents Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pageschildren and adolescents leading to an obesity epidemic. According to Up-to-Date, body mass index (BMI) is defined as the standard measure of obesity in individuals. It is the body height in kilograms divided by the body height in meters squared (Skeleton, 2016). Child obesity is based on a standardized growth scale and is defined as a body mass index (BMI) that surpasses the 95th percentile of a fixed distribution for a child’s age and gender. For elementary school age students, the cutoff is aroundRead MoreShould School Lunches Be Banned?1565 Words   |  7 PagesA child spends the majority of their childhood in a school. In schools, students acquire the academic knowledge and life skills that they need to carry out a successful life—ranging from learning basic math to how to tie their shoes. Another big part of school is the lunch hour. Lunch is a period in which students can get a break from classes, socialize, and refuel their minds to tackle the rest of the day. But school lunches have been known for being unhealthy and bad for students to consumeRead MoreThe School Lunch Program Is Essential For The Health And Wellbeing Of The Nation s Children1585 Words   |  7 PagesIn the school lunch policy market and non-market failure apply. I have chosen the school lunch system because it stems into the obesity epidemic. Obesity is a huge part of our society, and the school lunch system plays a part in it. The purpose of the national school lunch program is to safeguard the health and wellbeing of the nation’s children. The school lunch program was declared in 1946 by congress in the national school lunch act. The school lunch program makes it possible for schools to serveRead MorePreventing Obesity among School Children through Healthier School Meals1323 Words   |  5 PagesPreventing Obesity Among School Children through Healthier School Meals Obesity and overweight are among the pressing health problems among children and adolescents in the developed world. Obesity refers to an excess amount of body fat whereas overweight can be measured by the BMI index or height-weight ratio. According to the WHO (2012), obesity and overweight are the fifth largest risk for global deaths. Introduction Obesity and overweight among children and adolescents has increasedRead MoreThe Child Obesity Epidemic in America1089 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood obesity is a major cause for concern within the United States. This is mainly due to children not getting the require nutrition that they need. Although study show that there is a decrease in obesity in children, it still remains at an all-time high. Children are failing to eat as healthy as they should, and it has become an even bigger problem now that they aren’t getting the require amount of food in their diets. The USDA made a decision a couple of years ago to reduce the amount of foodRead MoreThe Responsibility For Childhood Nutrition1001 Words   |  5 Pagesdecide their diet; however several programs were implemented to face one of the most important consequences of malnutrition, childhood obesity. Obesity and overweight are caused by energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended. Children are eating more and more energy-dense food that is high in fat, and also children are reducing their activities and become more sedentary (WHO, 2015). According to the World Health Organization, worldwide obesity has doubled since 1980. In 2013,Read MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Problem1221 Words   |  5 PagesObesity is not only found amongst children, it is also found in pre-teen to teenage years as well. Childhood years are the most important period of a kids life, were they learn behavior and mold into the adult they will become. Starting bad eating habits early in the childhood years sets them up for more complications later in their lives. One out of three children in the U.S are obese, which most of them will end up facing a greater risk of having medical, social, emotional problems some even endRead MoreGovernment, Schools, and Companies Must Fight Childhood Obesity856 Words   |  4 Pages Childhood obesity is a growing epidemic in America. Many children in America, get two out of the three meals at school. As stated in the article, School Meals Need to Get Healthier: Report published in Healthday, â€Å"About 30.6 million school children participated in the school lunch program in 2007, and 10.1 million children had school breakfasts. In 2007, schools in the program served about 5.1 billion lunches and 1.7 billion breakfasts† (Healthday). This staggering number directly relates to the

The Evolution of the Mba Free Essays

Reading List for Technology and Innovation Strategy: 463 – Management and Strategy, Kellogg School of Management Professor Shane Greenstein Students will be held accountable for all required readings. These must be read ahead of class discussion. Related readings are relevant background. We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of the Mba or any similar topic only for you Order Now These are included for the interested student. I highly recommend them for a fuller perspective on the topic. Topic 1: Basic Frameworks and Toolkits Topic 1a. Adoption and Evolution Required reading: Geoffrey Moore. Chapters 1 and 2, High Tech Marketing Illusion, High Tech marketing Enlightenment, Crossing the Chasm, Harper Business, 2006. Not in reading packet. Please purchase book. ) Rosenberg, Nathan, â€Å"Innovation’s Uncertain Terrain. † McKinsey Quarterly, pp. 170-185, Issue 3, 1995. In class video: Interview with Dan Bricklin, founder of Visicalc, from Triumph of the Nerds, An Irreverent History of the PC Industry, By Bob Cringely. Ambrose Video, RM Associates. 1996 Related reading: Geoffrey Moore, To Succeed in the Long Term, Focus on the Middle Term, Harvard Business Review, July 2007. Wolter Lemstra, Vic Hayes and John Groenewegen, â€Å"Crossing the Chasm: the Apple AirPort. † Chapter 4 of The Innovation Journey of Wi-Fi: The Road o Global Success, C ambridge Press. Greenstein, â€Å"Virulent Word of Mouse. † And â€Å"An Earful about Zvi’s Email. † http://www. kellogg. northwestern. edu/faculty/greenstein/images/columns-older. html â€Å"Early Adopter, Enthusiast or Pioneer? A User’s guide to Technology Lingo. † http://virulentwordofmouse. wordpress. com/ 1b: Capturing value in value chains: the basics. Greg Linden, Kenneth L. Kraemer, and Jason Dedrick, â€Å"Who Captures Value from innovation in global value chains? A Study of the iPod and Notebook PC. Industrial and Corporate Change, June, 2009. Greg Linden, Kenneth L. Kraemer, and Jason Dedrick, The Distribution of Value in the Mobile Phone Supply Chain Related reading Francesco Zirpoli and Markus C. Becker, â€Å"What Happens When you Outsource too Much? † SMR 374, Winter 2011. Topic 1c: Attackers’ advantage during diffusion Required reading: â€Å"The Crisis at Encyclopeadia Britannica,† Kellogg Teaching Case, Revised version, August, 2009. Joseph Bower and Clayton Christensen, â€Å"Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave† in (Ed) John Seely Brown, Seeing Differently: Insights on Innovation, Harvard Business Review Book, 1997 See class page on Blackboard, under the Assignment folder. Related reading: John Hagel III, John Seeley Brown, Lang Davison, â€Å"Shaping Strategy in a World of Constant Disruption,† Harvard Business Review, October 2008. Greenstein, â€Å"Creative Destruction and Deconstruction. † http://virulentwordofmouse. wordpress. com/, October, 2004. Topic 1d: Installed Base and Standards Required Reading: Carl Shapiro and Hal Varian, Information Rules, Chapters 5, 6, 7 8. Recognizing Lock-in, Managing Lock-in, Networks and Positive Feedback, Cooperation and Compatibility, Harvard Business School Press, 1998. Not in case packet. Please purchase book. ) In class video: Interview with the founders of McAfee Associates, from Nerds 2. 0. 1, A Brief History of the Internet, Bob Cringely, PBS Home Video, 1998. Related Reading: â€Å"Bleeding Edge Mass Market Standards,† and â€Å"Bird Watching for Nerds: Splintering the Internet,† and â€Å"The Grocery Scanner and Bar Code Economy,† http://virulentwordofmouse. wordpress. com/ Topic 1e: Attackers Advantage versus Installed Base: Microsoft and Netscape Required Reading: Browser Wars, 1994-98, HBS Case 9-798-094 In class video: Interview with Andreeson, Clark, Gates, Ballmer, Metcalfe, from Nerds 2. 0. 1, A Brief History of the Internet, Bob Cringely, PBS Home Video, 1998. Related Reading: Timothy Bresnahan and Pai-Ling Yin, â€Å"Standard Setting in Markets: The Browser Wars,† in Greenstein and Stango, Standards and Public Policy, Cambridge University Press, pp. 18-59. See class page on Blackboard, under the Assignment folder. Greenstein, â€Å"The Long Arc Behind Bill Gates’ Wealth, Part I and Part II,† http://virulentwordofmouse. wordpress. com/ Topic 2: Systems and Platforms Topic 2a. Classic frameworks and new approaches Required reading: Andrei Hagiu, Note on Multi-sided Platforms: Economic Foundations and Strategy, HBS Case, 9-709-484 Related reading: Michael Cusumano and Annabelle Gawer, Elements of Platform Leadership, Sloan Management Review. Spring 2002, (43) 3, pp 51- 58. â€Å"Gateway Economics,† and â€Å"The Lexicon of Network Economics,† and â€Å"Managing Complements,† http://virulentwordofmouse. wordpress. com/ Topic 2b: Developing a multi-sided platform at Google Required reading: Google Inc, HBS Case 9-910-036 In class video: Hal Varian, Introduction to the Google Ad Auction, Made for YouTube. Related Reading: Andrei Hagiu and David Yoffie, â€Å"What’s your Google Strategy? † Harvard Business Review. R0904. Greenstein, â€Å"A Big Payoff,† â€Å"The Next Chapter at Google,† and â€Å"Did one invention lead to the decline of newspapers? † http://virulentwordofmouse. wordpress. com/ Topic 2c: Entrepreneurial product development for a platform Required reading: â€Å"Developing an App for That,† HBS Case 9-711-415, August 2, 2011. Related reading: Bhide, Amar (1996). â€Å"The Questions Every Entrepreneur Must Answer,† Harvard Business Review, HBS Reprint 96603-PDF-ENG â€Å"Google’s Android: Will it shake up the Wireless Industry in 2009 and Beyond? Case SM-176. â€Å"Gaming Structure,† http://virulentwordofmouse. wordpress. com/ Topic 3: Commercialization Topic 3a: Commercialization Strategy Required reading: Joshua Gans and Scott Stern, â€Å"The Product Market and the Market for Ideas: Commercialization Strategies for Techn ology Entrepreneurs. † Research Policy, In class video: Interview with Rod Cannon, in Triumph of the Nerds by Bob Cringely. 1996 Related reading: Seabrook, J. , â€Å"The Flash of Genius,† The New Yorker. Greenstein, â€Å"Imitation Happens,† http://virulentwordofmouse. wordpress. com/ Topic 3b: Merger for knowledge transfer: Cisco Systems Required reading: â€Å"Cisco: Early if Not Elegant (A) and (B), Darden Case, UV 1632. Recommended reading: Bunnell and Brate, Making the Cisco Connection, Chapter 6, The Benevolent Predator. Geoffrey A. Moore, 2008, Dealing with Darwin, How Great Companies Innovate at Every Phase of Their Evolution, Penguin Group, pp 100-109, 159-167, and 181 -191 Ironport, Stanford GSB Case, E-334. Topic 3c: Commercialization experiments: Markets for intellectual property Required Reading: â€Å"Intellectual Ventures,† Case 9-710-423, Related reading: Nathan Myhrvold, Funding Eureka! HBR article, March, 2010. â€Å"When Patents Attack. † Originally aired on WBEZ/This American Life on 7. 22. 2011. http://www. thisamericanlife. org/radio-archives/episode/441/when-patents-attack Davis, Lee (2008). â€Å"Licensing Strategies of the New Intellectual Property Vendors,† California Management Review Greenstein, â€Å"Smart Phone patents and Platform Wars,† http://virulentwordof mouse. wordpress. com/ Topic 3d. Commercialization Experiments: Online without intellectual property. Required reading: RadioHead: Music at your own price (A) and (B), Case 9-508-110, 9-508-111 Related reading: â€Å"Pandora Radio: Fire Unprofitable customers? † HBS case 5-610-078, April 2011. â€Å"Digitization and Value creation,† http://virulentwordofmouse. wordpress. com/ Topic 4: Firm boundary and scope Topic 4a: Extending functionality: Intel Required reading: â€Å"Intel Centrino in 2007: A new Platform Strategy for Growth. † SM-156. Related reading: Shane Greenstein â€Å"Economic Experiments and the Development of Wi-Fi. † Edited by Steven Kahl, Michael Cusumano, and Brian Silverman. Advances in Strategic Managements, V 29. Chapter 1, pp. 3-33. Emerald Group Publishing; Bingley, UK. Greenstein, February 2007, â€Å"The High Costs of a Cheap Lesson,† http://virulentwordofmouse. wordpress. com/ 4b: Climbing the value chain Required reading Flextronics International, LTD, 9-604-063, April, 2010. HTC Corp. in 2012, HBS case 9-712-423, September, 2012. Related reading Greenstein, â€Å"Outsourcing and Two Views for Climbing the Value Chain,† http://virulentwordofmouse. wordpress. com/ Topic 4c: User-contributed content Required Reading: â€Å"Wikipedia in the Spotlight,† Kellogg Teaching Case. August, 2009. Recommended Reading: â€Å"Wagging Wikipedia’s Long Tail. â€Å"Another Venerable Establishment Surrenders to Wikipedia,† and â€Å"The Range of Linus’ Law. † http://virulentwordofmouse. wordpress. com/ Topic 4d: Entrepreneurship and user participation Required reading: â€Å"Triumph of the Commons: Wikia and the Commercialization of Open Source Communities in 2009. † Kellogg Teaching case, October, 2009. Ye lp, Case 9-709-412 MentorMob and the Reinvention of Learning, August, 2011. Related Reading: Eric Raymond, The Cathedral and the Bazaar, First Monday. www. firstmonday. dk See class page on Blackboard, under the Assignment folder. Foursquare, HBS Case 9-711-418 How to cite The Evolution of the Mba, Papers

Managing And Leading Strategic Changeâ€Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss About The Managing And Leading Strategic Change? Answer: Introduction The private school i.e. the non-governmental or the independent schools which have an independent working with no administration from the national or state governments or by the local bodies. These schools have their individual right of selection of students and attain their funding in the form of students tuition fees instead of depending upon the funds gathered from the government. In Singapore, CPE i.e. The Committee for Private Education is a statutory body that regulates and administers the functioning of the private schools and institutions. It possesses the legislative power to administer, regulate and manage the functioning of the private educational sector in the country. It is essential for the private institutions to register under CPE. Another major body is the EduTrust i.e. The EduTrust Certification Scheme which is basically a scheme that works for the quality assurance perspective. The key aims of EduTrust is to differentiate the private schools in respect with the qua lity of their education as well as on the basis of improvements made that are helpful in attaining an improved education outcome. But in past few years, there has been faced a number of challenges by the institutes and the private schools because of increase number of frauds and issues in the private educational sector of Singapore (Yin, n.d.). There are renowned schools and private institutes that are trying to overcome these challenges and issues and trying to have a more safer and secure education system to avoid issues in the future time frame and thus for achieving the same there are numerous changes which are taking place in the strategies and management of these private schools. Significant trends in private educational sector and the associated issues In the private educational sector of Singapore, there has been realized a series of changes and modification. There are several new trends and variations that have been the cause behind the increasing number of issues faced by both the students as well as the institutions. The most prominent issue is the fraud and the incorrect certifications offered to the students (Lo, 2014). The individuals studying in these private institutes are facing issues related to fake certifications. The students are enrolling themselves in the universities to get certificates but there are numerous cases which have been investigated as offering fraud certificates and earning huge money (Chung, 2015). It is essential for the PEIs to renew their licenses with CPE to have trouble free functioning (Jiang and Carpenter, 2014). It is mandatory to register and renew license to meet the requirements of the education sector which are rising because of increase level of dynamicity in the sector. There have been hi ghlighted few of the key incidents that have raised a questioning about the authenticity of the private educational sector of Singapore. It was investigated by pro-tem CPE regarding the fake certificates or degrees of RMIT issues by Brookes Business School (Tomazin, 2009). The key point that rises the questioning was that there was no association between the Australian University and the School. In July 2009, due to indulge in such fraud activities, the school was shut down by the Singapores Ministry Of Education. It was claimed that the supervisor and the authoritative individual, Yap Chee Mun was not an appropriate individuals to operate the institute (Sam, 2017). The key issues that were highlighted in this case were that the school has taken upsurge course fees and sharing of the excess amount among the students, school and other associated parties. Other case associated with such changing trends and prevailing issues had taken place in the year 2010 when there was filed an anon yms complaint against SAS i.e. School of Applied Studies. An investigation was conducted and it was found that SAS was only offered with one year registration but not with certification by CPE (Sam, 2016). But the school made a false statement regarding its certification and there were enrolled around 300 students. Thus, it leads to another issue that rose because of unjustified profit making activities of the private schools in Singapore and cheated on the students certifications (Sam, 2017). Economic and Legal audit of the changing trends and issues in the private educational sector of Singapore Economic Analysis From the economic aspects, there has been analysed that Singapore has stood up stronger in terms of providing quality education to the people seeking for it. There has been realized a sudden increase in the economic development because of the capital formation with the rise in the educational sector of the country. But the trends and changes which are taking place in the education sector are impacting the nations economy in a negative aspect as because of fraud and fake certifications the schools or the educational institutes have to repay the amount to the students enrolled in the universities (McBurnie and Ziguras, 2011). Because of such issues, there is deterioration of the reputation of the educational sector which leads to decreased number of individuals enrolling themselves in the universities and this result in decrease amount of capital inflows in the nation. And because of the continuous scams and frauds the half of the private schools of Singapore are about to close which i s one of the most biggest downturn for the Singaporean economy as there is a vital role of the private educational sector in the strong GDP and capital formation of the country (Kobakhidze, 2014). Legal Analysis From the legal aspects, there has been analysed that Singapore has strong laws and regulations that restricts taking place of all such activities as well as sue the respective individuals or organisations who are involved in any kind of fraud activities related to the generation of fake certifications to the overseas students (JIALING, 2011). There are set legal practices and rules developed by CPE and MOE of Singapore which file suits against such institutes or bodies that are involved in the scams. It is essential for the private schools and institutes to have a registration under CPE and also to possess a period of four year of registration for attaining the certification from CPE. Thus, these are the legal regulations and laws which all the private educational sector organisations must follow (Daniel, Kanwar and Uvali?-Trumbi?, 2009). Transitional Challenges faced by the private educational sector of Singapore There are number of transitional challenges which are faced by the students in the private schools of Singapore due to a number of factors. The transitional challenges faced comprises of the challenges related to increased personal responsibilities in terms of academic requirements, self-directive learning, freedom, time management, etc. (Daniel, et al., 2010). There are also challenges related to personal and the social factors such as balancing the education and personal and social life, homesickness, meeting new people, lack of diversity etc. Other transitional challenges faced by the students includes challenges in effective communication, lack of feedbacks, isolation, large courses, challenges related to academic such as new terminologies, learning styles, group work, referencing, critical thinking, language issues, etc. (Healey, 2015). All such transitional challenges are required to be managed along with the fake certification issues in the educations sector of Singapore. Impact of issues on the growth and performance of the educational sector of Singapore (Source: Alfaro and Ketels, 2016) The education sector of Singapore has realized a sudden decline in the number of overall enrolments in the last few consecutive years. The primary reason behind this decrease number of enrolments of the local as well as the foreign students is because of the various illegal practices as well as declining standards of the quality of the education offered. It has resulted in increased pressure upon the institutions and the schools to bring increased level of improvements in their education systems and to improve the quality standards so that the number of enrolments can be increased (Alfaro and Ketels, 2016). (Source: Export, 2017) The private educational sector is extremely depended upon the enrolments of the foreign students because of the fact that they do not possess a complete knowledge of the authenticity and brand robustness of the schools and the universities and this offers an advantage to the private sector schools to enrol the overseas students. But because of increased number of frauds and scams in relation to the fake certification and unauthentic degrees, there has also been analysed a decline in the number of foreign students enrolling in the private schools of Singapore. From the year 2013, the total number of visas issued comprising of the overseas students i.e. 5092 has experienced a decline of almost of a thousand visas as the visas issues in 2017 was just 4000. This shows the declining reliability of the Singaporean schools and institutes (Export, 2017). Implementation of changes in the private educational sector through Lewins Change Model To make the organisations more competitive and have continuous improvements in the institutes or organisations, there is a need to have a change management process in the institutes. For implementing change, the various sectors and organisations take use a renowned model named as Lewins change model. There are particularly three stages in the change management model of Lewin i.e. Unfreeze, Change and Freeze. There is a strong need of implementing changes in the private educational sector of Singapore because of the increased number of issues and challenges and as its impacts, the decrease number of enrolments. To resolve the issues related to fake certifications and transitional issues there is a need to have adequate strategies. The first step in the change management process of the CPE and the MOE will be to unfreeze the current practices by suing up the schools or the institutes who are involved in such scams. For this, there is an essential need of tight scrutiny check to be perf ormed on all the private sector schools of Singapore. In respect with the transitional challenges, there must be an in-depth analysis of all the transitional issues faced by the students so appropriate strategies could be framed (Tienken and Orlich, 2013). The second step according to the Lewins change model is to implement change which demonstrates that there must be certain changes which are required to be performed in the laws, regulations, policies and practices. Firstly, the change would be in the online websites of the schools as they are the primary source for carrying out with the fraud activities and certifications. Thus, all the websites must have an automated check and evaluation system by the administrative bodies so that no such activity could take place. The other changes that must be incorporate comprises of appointment of the genuine and principled individuals who can carry on the functions of the private schools with utmost authenticity and ethicality (Cummings, Bridgman and Brown, 2016). There must also be an appointment of the audit committee who can check and evaluate the certifications, issue of degrees and other school related functions so that the chances of fraud can be eliminate. All the schools must be prepare d for all these changes so that future evaluations and working could be easier. In context with the transitional challenges, the administrative organisations or the schools must implement adequate trainings for the students especially for the one who have entered just entered in the secondary education. There must be orientation programs, taking use of diverse set of languages so that the students feel comfortable and also culturally diverse teachers to understand the issues of the students from overseas (Kritsonis, 2005). The third aspect of the model is refreeze as per which there must effective follow up of all the practices and policies and the changes that have been implemented by the respective authorities in the education system. In context with the transitional challenges, in the third step i.e. unfreeze there must be adopted a culture where more set of trainings must be continuously offered to the students as well as schools must follow all the guidelines to make the studen t fee comfortable without any such challenge. Essentials for effective change management process Strategies for influencing the key decision makers To incorporate the changes and to attain desired results, there is a need to have appropriate strategies so that the decision makers and all the liable authorities can participate in the change process. The strategies that can be beneficial for having an influence on the decision makers is that to make the president, the vice president and the other stakeholders understand the impact of the issues on the sustainability and growth of the educational sector and the importance of implementing change for achieving the desired goals and objectives (Flood, 2011). The decision makers must be offered with the evaluative results attained from the negative implication posed on the number of enrolments in the private schools of Singapore. Once the decision makers are informed with the consequences they can have effective implementation of the changes. Other strategies which can be used is to have an analysis of the competitive organisations i.e. the private educational sector of various other c ountries and there competitive strategies to resist these challenges. All these strategies will influence the decision makers to implement a change in the existing strategies and management (Leng, 2013). Sources and power required to implement change To implement the change in the private sector schools, the key power is in the hands of the administrative authorities i.e. the Ministry of Education of Singapore and the CPE as they are the key regulatory bodies and govern the power to implement any kind of change. Thus, it is essential that to overcome the challenges of transition and the fake certification issues, there is a need to implement new strategies and change management by these bodies (Ochieng, 2016). Importance of leadership in change management In the change management process at the private schools of Singapore there is key significance and importance of leadership. As to execute and implement the change in the organisations or the institutes in an effective manner, it is necessary to have a competent leader. There are several qualities, positive characteristics and competencies which are necessary to be the part of a leaders leadership skills. There is a need to have transformational leader instead of a transactional leader because of the reason that the transactional leaders are more concerned with the already established policies and standards to achieve a status quo whereas the transformational leaders believes in a change process to attain improved standards and performance (Chen-Wilson and Argles, 2010). There is its necessary to have transformational leaders in the private schools of Singapore who can have change management in the schools and overcome the issues and challenges that have taken place because of transa ctional aspect and the fake certifications issues. The leaders have a vital role in the process of change management as to change the existing systems, it is essential to develop a strong communication with the other associated members so that they can also be a part of the change management process and do not resist. The leader only can change the resistance to change into the part of a change management process. To have a sustainable change and effective change management in the private educational sector of Singapore, the responsible authoritative bodies and the institutional leaders must act in a transformational way and eliminate all the ill practices that leads to fraud in the educational system and generation of the fake certificates to the students as well as to have a sustainable practices for managing the transactional challenges in the educations sector (McNicoll, Luff and Campus, n.d.). Conclusion In the private educational sector of Singapore, there has been identified increase number of changes which has impacted the sector with many negative implications. From the report, it has been identified that there are several cases of fraud and scams related to the fake certifications and degrees to the students. All such incidents have resulted in ruining of the brand image of the Singaporean educational systems. The report also highlights numerous transactional challenges which also a major factor in the decreasing market share of eth educational systems. The report concludes that the private sector is facing changing trends that are leading to continuous rise of number of issues and to sustain these challenges, there is a need to have changes in the existing strategies of the private educational sector. From the insights taken, it can also be stated that with the help of Lewins change model, the institutes and the private schools can have an improved working with elimination of f raud activities. It is also concluded that to implement the change management process in an effective way, there is a key significance of a good transformational leader who can execute and implement the changes in the most efficient manner. The leadership competencies, qualities and skills are vital for achieving a sustainable change and improve practices in the private educational sector of Singapore. References Alfaro, L. and Ketels, C., 2016. Singapores Higher Education Cluster. Harvard Business School. Pp.35. Accessed on: 31st August, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.isc.hbs.edu/resources/courses/moc-course-at-harvard/Documents/pdf/student-projects/Singapore%20Higher%20Education%202016.pdf Chen-Wilson, L. and Argles, D., 2010, January. Towards a framework of a secure e-Qualification certificate system. InComputer Modeling and Simulation, 2010. ICCMS'10. Second International Conference on(Vol. 1, pp. 493-500). IEEE. Chung, F., 2015. The great Aussie degree scam: Forgers raking in thousands selling bogus qualifications. Accessed on: 31st August, 2017. 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